There are a number of reasons why perinatal disorders can negatively affect the development of the fetus before birth: stress hormones in pregnant women, e.g. cortisol, pass through the placenta and affect the development of the fetal brain; a depressed pregnant woman is less likely to have a healthy lifestyle, less likely to go to prenatal health checks, less likely to get treatment when she is ill and less likely to prepare for motherhood; depression can adversely affect a pregnant woman's immune system; a baby can be born prematurely or with a low birth weight.

The perinatal period (pregnancy and postpartum period) is usually a time of sound mental health. During this period, women may also suffer from mood swings and anxiety, but this usually resolves spontaneously when the hormones stabilize in the first weeks after giving birth.

With the birth of a child, the mother establishes a new, unique psychological organization termed "preoccupation with motherhood." It is the psychological basis for the formation of the parental identity and the self-actualization as a parent. This change allows the mother to reorganize her previous life (desires, needs, attitudes, goals, priorities).

Studies show that about 40% of children worldwide experience their parents' parting, and this is considered one of the more stressful events in life. Children can react in different ways, and most of them adapt to the new situation over time.

If you notice any of the following signs in children in your environment, you may suspect that it is the case of abuse and neglect. 

• Distrust of the child or extreme caution towards all adults; 

• Extremely aggressive, submissive, worried or anxious behavior of the child; 

• Low self-esteem, withdrawal or difficulty in establishing relationships with adults or other children; 

• Excessive obedience and humility in order to please adults;