Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited genetic condition that affects children’s lungs, digestive system, sweat glands and fertility. Specialised treatment can improve quality of life for children with cystic fibrosis.

Pneumonia is an infection in one or both of the lungs. If your child has pneumonia, you’re likely to notice changes in his breathing, as well as symptoms including fever, a moist cough, increased irritability and unusual tiredness.

Down syndrome is a common genetic condition that causes intellectual disability and other physical and learning challenges. Screening and diagnostic tests during pregnancy can tell you about your child’s chance of having Down syndrome. Down syndrome can also be diagnosed at birth.Early intervention, regular health checks and family support can help children with Down syndrome grow up to lead happy, healthy and productive lives.

Children with cerebral palsy can have problems like muscle weakness, stiffness, awkwardness, slowness and shakiness, as well as difficulty with balance. Some children have mild symptoms and can walk and communicate well. Others need to use a wheelchair and have difficulty doing everyday things. Getting a clear diagnosis of cerebral palsy before 12 months can be difficult and take a long time. Early intervention services can improve your child’s outcomes and quality of life.

Hepatitis C is rare in children.Hepatitis C symptoms include tiredness, appetite loss, nausea and stomach pain.Most children with hepatitis C need treatment. There are some medications that might be considered for older children.Hepatitis C spreads through blood-to-blood contact.

Microcephaly is a problem with the way the brain or nervous system grows. Children with microcephaly have smaller than usual heads and brains. Babies can be born with microcephaly, or it can develop in the early years of life. Children with microcephaly sometimes have other syndromes. Children with microcephaly often have intellectual disability, seizures or problems with muscle stiffness or balance. Early intervention can improve your child’s quality of life.

Vision impairment can range from no vision – blindness – or very low vision to not being able to see particular colours. Babies might have vision impairment at birth. It can also happen later as a result of disease, injury or a medical condition. The way a child behaves or uses his eyes might be a sign of a problem with the way he sees. Severe vision loss or blindness can affect your child’s development and learning. Early intervention can help your child reach her full potential.

Creative play develops preschooler confidence, language, physical and thinking skills, imagination and emotional understanding. Dramatic play helps preschoolers make sense of the world. Arts and craft activities encourage self-expression and decision-making. Sound play, music and dance let preschoolers express all kinds of feelings.

No matter how old your children are, your praise and encouragement will help them feel good about themselves. This boosts their self-esteem and confidence. Sometimes rewards can be useful too, especially if you want to encourage good behaviour.

Try our practical tips to encourage the behaviour you want in your child.